INTRODUCTION TO ICT

1.1 state the definition of ICT

ICT is the technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of computers, communication devices and software application to convert, store, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere at anytime.

1.2 Describe the brief EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS.

The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices.Each generation of computer icharacterized by a major technological development thatfundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more effient and realible.

first generation computers(1940-1956)

                     vacuum tubes first generation.

During the first generation, computers were with vacuum tubes.Vacumm tube is an electronic tube ismade of glass used as computer components to store and process data.The problems of vacumm tube are generates of heat that can damage computer and tubes can burnt out frequently. ENIAC is first generation computer that contain weights of 30 tons, 18000 vacuum tubes, 30-50 foot space and 16000 watts of power. Advantages of computers era: The using of vacuum thas can store and process data.

computer transistor

Second generation computers(1956 until 1963) - Transistor were used to replace vacuum tubes in computers. Transistor are small devices that transfer electronic signal across resistor. One transistor replaced the equivalent of40 vacuum tubes. Transistors do not produced lots of heats and use less power. Transistors were faster, cheaper, smaller, and more realible than the first generation machines. Advantages of computers inthis era: The using of transistors was better than vacuum tubes.

integrated circuit

third generation computers (1964 until 1971) - In 1964, computer manufacturers began replacing transistors with integrated circuits. An integrated circuit (IC) is a complete electronic circuit on a small chip made of silicon. These computers were more reliable and compact than computers made with transistors, and they cost less to manufacturers. Advantages of computers in this era: Integrated circuits were reliable, compact and cheaper than transistors.

Fourth generation computers (1971-present)

                           
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer -from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls- on a single chip. Advantages of computers in this era: Computers are 100 times a smaller than ENIAC computers in first generation.




Fifth generation computers (Presence and beyond) - Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, through there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today..